The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and fibrinolysis.

Activation of the RAAS has been linked with an increased risk of myocardial infarction and stroke,(1,2,37,38) and recently these beneficial effects have, in part, been attributed to the effects of the RAAS on the fibrinolytic system. Indeed, ACE seems to occupy a central position in modulating the fibrinolytic balance, where an angiotensin II-mediated increase of PAI-1 plays a major role. By contrast, the effect on bradykinin stimulated t-PA release may be of lesser importance, although the data are conflicting. Importantly, the impact of the RAAS on the fibrinolytic balance may also contribute to the favourable effects of ACE inhibition and AT1-receptor antagonists on cardiovascular events, particularly when considering the activation of the RAAS in hypertension and heart failure. More work is clearly required in this area to elucidate potential therapeutic targets.