Living unrelated kidney transplantation.

The use of living donors, particularly if unrelated, in kidney transplantation is still not recommended although many transplant centers have come to accept the procedure. Usually the main argument against this approach is ethical. Acknowledging this problem, we accept biologically unrelated donors only if they have an emotional closeness to the recipient. From November 1982 to November 1997, 527 kidney allografts from living donors were performed at our institution. Of these 302 living donors were first-degree relatives of the recipient and shared one haplotype (LRD) and 172 were unrelated(LURD). Among the LURD group 146 donors were "emotionally related"--wife to husband 110 cases and husband to wife 35 cases and 1 case from a nun to a friar. Statistical analysis of the results was performed with the chi(2) method. Actuarial graft survival rates in the LRD and LURD groups were 91% and 87% at 1 year, 77% and 79% at 5 years, and 66% and 69% at 9 years (P =n.s.). In conclusion kidney transplantation between unrelated donors and recipients may be a valid alternative in view of the cadaver organ shortage. It is a procedure that can be performed successfully and that provides a "gift of life" for both the patient and the family.