Cytokine modulation of granulocyte macrophage-CSF and granulocyte-CSF release from stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells.

Cytokine-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells release the colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) granulocyte macrophage-CSF and granulocyte-CSF. We have investigated the effects of a range of cytokines on the release of CSFs from human vascular smooth muscle cells stimulated with interleukin-1beta. Interleukin-4 suppressed granulocyte macrophage-CSF release but potentiated granulocyte-CSF release; interferon-gamma inhibited the release of both, whilst interleukin-5 had no effect. Both interleukin-10 and interleukin-13 inhibited granulocyte macrophage-CSF release but did not affect granulocyte-CSF release. The ability of individual cytokines to differentially modulate CSFs has profound consequences for the populations of leukocytes present at the site of inflammation.