Intra-luminal exposure of murine airways to peroxynitrite causes inflammation but not hyperresponsiveness.

OBJECTIVE AND
DESIGN: There is increasing evidence for the involvement of reactive nitrogen species like peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in airway pathology, for example during allergic airway inflammation. Therefore, the effect of peroxynitrite exposure on airway responsiveness and inflammation was studied. MATERIALS: Male BALB/c mice were treated intra-tracheally with authentic peroxynitrite and the peroxynitrite donor 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1). Control animals received decomposed solutions of peroxynitrite and SIN- 1.
METHODS: Airway inflammation was monitored by bronchoalveolar lavage, three and seven days after administration. Airway responsiveness to methacholine and acetylcholine was measured on day 1, 2, 3 and 7 post administration using whole body plethysmography.
RESULTS: Intra-tracheal administration of peroxynitrite 200 microM in 50 microl phosphate buffered saline (PBS) induced a significant increase in macrophages (>35%, p < 0.05) in the airway lumen three days after administration. In contrast, neither intra-tracheal administration of authentic peroxynitrite (up to 5 mM) nor the peroxynitrite donor SIN-1 (1 mM, both intra-tracheal and nebulized) changed airway responsiveness to methacholine. Moreover, peroxynitrite (5 mM) did not alter responsiveness to acetylcholine.
CONCLUSION: Administration of peroxynitrite directly into the airways of BALB/c mice, induces airway inflammation, but not airway hyperresponsiveness. It is suggested that antioxidants in the epithelial lining fluid and/or the epithelium itself form an efficient barrier, which prevents peroxynitrite from reaching putative targets in the airway interstitium.