Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute myeloid leukemia with tetraploidy.

The patient was a 62-year-old man. His hematological data in April 2000 had shown no abnormalities, but he was referred to our hospital because of a fever and leukocytosis in June 2000. The peripheral blood showed 29.8 x 10(9)/L white blood cells, with 68.0% blasts. A bone marrow aspirate showed hypercellularity with a proliferation of large leukemic blasts. The leukemic cells were positive for CD13 (91%), CD33 (54.8%), CD34 (94.5%), and HLA-DR (97.9%). Some leukemic cells (15.6%) also expressed CD14. Cytogenetic analysis revealed 92,XXYY,t(9;22)(q34;q11)x2 in all 20 metaphase cells. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis detected the minor BCR/ABL messenger RNA (mRNA) but failed to detect the major BCR/ABL mRNA. The patient achieved complete remission after induction chemotherapy, with no evidence of Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) or minor BCR/ABL mRNA. Ph-positive acute myeloid leukemia (Ph-AML) has rarely been reported. Herein, we report a case of Ph-AML with tetraploidy and review the previously reported Ph-AML cases.