OBJECTIVE: To describe the range of depressive symptoms reported by adolescents in a nationally representative U.S. sample and to examine factors associated with persistent depressive symptoms. METHOD: Secondary analysis was done on National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (AddHealth) data from 13,568 adolescents who completed the initial survey in 1995 and follow-up 1 year later. Main outcomes of Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) scores were analyzed by chi2 comparisons and sample-weighted logistic regression. RESULTS: Over 9% of adolescents reported moderate/severe depressive symptoms at baseline (CES-D > or = 24). Females, older adolescents, and ethnic minority youths were more likely to report depressive symptoms at baseline. Only 3% of adolescents with low initial CES-D scores (CES-D < 16) developed moderate/severe depressive symptoms at follow-up. Factors associated with persistent depressive symptoms at 1-year follow-up included: female gender, fair/poor general health, school suspension, weaker family relationships, and health care utilization. Other factors, including race and socioeconomics, did not predict persistent depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Depressive symptoms are common in adolescents and have a course that is difficult to predict. Most adolescents with minimal symptoms of depression maintain their status and appear to be at low risk for depression; however, adolescents with moderate/severe depressive symptoms warrant long-term follow-up and reevaluation.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the range of depressive symptoms reported by adolescents in a nationally representative U.S. sample and to examine factors associated with persistent depressive symptoms. METHOD: Secondary analysis was done on National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (AddHealth) data from 13,568 adolescents who completed the initial survey in 1995 and follow-up 1 year later. Main outcomes of Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) scores were analyzed by chi2 comparisons and sample-weighted logistic regression. RESULTS: Over 9% of adolescents reported moderate/severe depressive symptoms at baseline (CES-D > or = 24). Females, older adolescents, and ethnic minority youths were more likely to report depressive symptoms at baseline. Only 3% of adolescents with low initial CES-D scores (CES-D < 16) developed moderate/severe depressive symptoms at follow-up. Factors associated with persistent depressive symptoms at 1-year follow-up included: female gender, fair/poor general health, school suspension, weaker family relationships, and health care utilization. Other factors, including race and socioeconomics, did not predict persistent depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS:Depressive symptoms are common in adolescents and have a course that is difficult to predict. Most adolescents with minimal symptoms of depression maintain their status and appear to be at low risk for depression; however, adolescents with moderate/severe depressive symptoms warrant long-term follow-up and reevaluation.
Authors: Ronald C Kessler; Shelli Avenevoli; E Jane Costello; Katholiki Georgiades; Jennifer Greif Green; Michael J Gruber; Jian-ping He; Doreen Koretz; Katie A McLaughlin; Maria Petukhova; Nancy A Sampson; Alan M Zaslavsky; Kathleen Ries Merikangas Journal: Arch Gen Psychiatry Date: 2011-12-05
Authors: David Paunesku; Justin Ellis; Joshua Fogel; Sachiko A Kuwabara; Jackie Gollan; Tracy Gladstone; Mark Reinecke; Benjamin W Van Voorhees Journal: J Cogn Behav Psychother Date: 2008-09-01
Authors: Dayna E McGill; Lisa K Volkening; David M Pober; Andrew B Muir; Deborah L Young-Hyman; Lori M Laffel Journal: J Adolesc Health Date: 2017-12-06 Impact factor: 5.012
Authors: Korey K Hood; Daniel P Beavers; Joyce Yi-Frazier; Ronny Bell; Dana Dabelea; Robert E Mckeown; Jean M Lawrence Journal: J Adolesc Health Date: 2014-05-10 Impact factor: 5.012