Barriers to research implementation by community nurses.

This article presents the community findings from a study of nurses in community and acute settings using Funk et al's Barriers to Research Utilization Scale (Barriers) (Funk et al, 1991a), which aimed to identify the main barriers to implementing research in practice. The Barriers questionnaire was sent to all nurses working in three community trusts in Yorkshire (n=2327), and practice nurses in one Yorkshire health authority (n=190). A 51.5% response rate gave a sample of 1297 nurses. The top two barriers were reported to be lack of time and resources. There were significant differences between sub-samples, e.g. older women perceived more barriers than younger colleagues, and practice nurses had particular problems with the cooperation of GPs. Factor analysis generated four new factors different from those found by Funk et al (1991a) (shown in brackets): benefits (nurse characteristics); quality (research characteristics); accessibility (presentation of the research characteristics) and resources (setting characteristics). Recommendations include developing nurses' critical appraisal skills so that, given more time and adequate resources, research findings might be judiciously implemented in practice.