Open fractures of the lower limb in Nigeria.

During an 18-month period we studied prospectively 63 consecutive patients (42 males, 21 females) with an open fracture of the lower limb. Their mean age was 32 years (range: 4-78 years) and 58 patients with 59 fractures were available until the conclusion of the study. Forty-seven had tibial fractures, 12 had femoral fractures and the majority of the patients were either students or traders. According to Gustilo and Anderson's grading, 21 fractures were of type II and 16 of type IIIA. On arrival all the wounds were irrigated and debrided and the patients also received tetanus prophylaxis and intravenous antibiotics. Of the 47 tibial fractures 39 were managed with an above-knee plaster of Paris cast which was windowed so as to allow wound care. Of the 12 femoral fractures ten were treated with skeletal traction on a Bohler frame. The time taken for soft tissue healing was not significantly different between the tibial and femoral fractures. There were, however, significant differences with respect to (1) the time interval between injury and debridement, (2) the incidence of wound infection, (3) the occurrence of osteomyelitis, (4) fracture union time, and (5) time spent in hospital. The most common complications were wound infections (27 cases) and delayed union (26 cases). The time interval between injury and wound debridement was a major prognostic factor.