SPR imaging measurements of 1-D and 2-D DNA microarrays created from microfluidic channels on gold thin films.

Microfluidic channels fabricated from poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) are employed in surface plasmon resonance imaging experiments for the detection of DNA and RNA adsorption onto chemically modified gold surfaces. The PDMS microchannels are used to (i) fabricate "1-D" single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) line arrays that are used in SPR imaging experiments of oligonucleotide hybridization adsorption and (ii) create "2-D" DNA hybridization arrays in which a second set of PDMS microchannels are placed perpendicular to a 1-D line array in order to deliver target oligonucleotide solutions. In the 1-D line array experiments, the total sample volume is 500 microL; in the 2-D DNA array experiments, this volume is reduced to 1 microL. As a demonstration of the utility of these microfluidic arrays, a 2-D DNA array is used to detect a 20-fmol sample of in vitro transcribed RNA from the uidA gene of a transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plant. It is also shown that this array fabrication method can be used for fluorescence measurements on chemically modified gold surfaces.