Violence, mental health, substance abuse-problems for women worldwide.

The objective of this paper is to bring attention to the epidemic proportions and the burden of disease from the overlapping health and social problems of violence, psychiatric or psychological distress, and substance abuse. Research is needed to prevent, alleviate, and treat these global problems, particularly for women because, although these problems affect the entire population, there are more problems for women. An overview from diverse national and international literature on the three areas is presented. Among health care professionals--physicians, nurses, and others--there is a great need for increased awareness of the problems and culturally sensitive research to understand better the interrelations among violence and anger and mental disorders and substance abuse, not only in high-risk subgroups of the population such as inner-city youths, but also among women and others in the general population globally.