Immunoreconstitution in children receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy depends on the CD4 cell percentage at baseline.

The effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in 85 children infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was compared retrospectively among Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) immunologic groups 1-3. The duration of HAART did not vary significantly among the immunologic groups (median, 39.07 months). The CD4 cell percentage increased in 39.1%, 58.3%, and 90% of patients in CDC groups 1-3, respectively (P <.001). HAART resulted in the suppression of HIV-1 below detectable levels in 34.8%, 25%, and 32% of patients in the 3 CDC groups, respectively, and in a frequent switch from syncytium-inducing to nonsyncytium-inducing virus. Thymic excision circles increased in a subset of patients with increases in CD4 cell percentage independently of HIV RNA level. The results support the option of delaying HAART in early asymptomatic HIV-1 disease in children and the use of other markers of disease progression, in addition to virus load.