Luminescence quenching of Ru-labeled oligonucleotides by targeted complementary strands.

The yield of hole injection into guanines of different oligonucleotide duplexes by a photooxidizing tethered Ru(II) complex is examined by measuring the luminescence quenching of the excited complex. This yield is investigated as a function of the anchoring site of the complex (on a thymine nucleobase in the middle of the sequence or on the 5' terminal phosphate) and the number and position of the guanine bases as compared with the site of attachment of the Ru(II) compound. In contrast to other studies, the tethered complex, [Ru(tap)(2)(dip)](2+), is a non-intercalating compound and has been shown previously to produce an irreversible photocrosslinking between the two strands as the ultimate step of hole injection. The study of luminescence quenching of the anchored complex by emission intensity and lifetime measurements for the different duplexes indicates that a direct contact between the complex and the guanine nucleobase is needed for the electron transfer to take place. Moreover, for none of the sequences a clear contribution of a static quenching is evidenced independently of the two types of attachment of the [Ru(tap)(2)(dip)](2+) complex to the oligonucleotide. A comparison of the fastest hole-injection process by electron transfer to the excited anchored [Ru(tap)(2)(dip)](2+), with the rate of the photo-electron transfer between the same complex free in solution and guanosine-5'-monophosphate, indicates that the hole injection by the anchored complex is slower by a factor of 10 at least. A bad overlap between donor and acceptor orbitals is probably the cause of this slow rate, which could be attributed to some steric hindrance induced by the complex linker.