Pharmacotherapy of social anxiety disorder.

Over the last few years, a number of medications have demonstrated their efficacy in the acute treatment of social anxiety disorder. At present, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors probably constitute the first line treatment, based on their safety, tolerability, and efficacy in the treatment of social anxiety disorder and common comorbid conditions. Data from single trials suggest that clonazepam, bromazepam, and gabapentin may have efficacy similar to the serotonin reuptake inhibitors, but further studies are needed to confirm these findings. The monoamine oxidase inhibitor phenelzine appears to be at least as efficacious as these other agents, but should be reserved for cases that fail to respond to these safer medications. Among the reversible inhibitors of monoamine oxidase A, brofaromine may also be an effective drug, while moclobemide appears to be less potent. Future research directions should include delineating ways to achieve remission (as opposed to response); developing strategies for augmenting partial responders and treating nonresponders to first line approaches; studying the long-term response to medication and prevention of relapse when medication is discontinued; clarifying ways to integrate psychosocial and pharmacological treatment approaches; developing predictors of which patients do best with which treatments; and the treatment of social anxiety disorder in children and adolescents.