TMJ biomechanical constraints: the disc and the retrodiscal tissue.

The temporo-mandibular-joint is a highly particular and complex anatomical entity in terms of both its structure and functions, which include the opening, closing, protrusion and lateral movement of the jaw. On the base of some papers previously published on the anatomy and physiology of the Temporo-Mandibular-Joint, the Authors have studied the functional dynamics of the TMJ. The correct postural and functional relationships between the various components of the joint are controlled by a series of biomechanical restrictions that guide and condition its movements. The role of biomechanical restriction played by such articular components, influences decidedly the therapeutical treatment aimed to the resolution of the Temporo-Mandibular joint pathology. In this article, the authors examine and analyze the role of the Temporo-Mandibular ligament, Disk Lateral Ligament, Articular disk, Retrodiskal Zone and of the Synovial Fluid in the functional dynamics of the Temporo-Mandibular-Joint.