Operationalizing trance II: clinical application using a psychophenomenological approach.

Although many clinicians use the word "trance" to describe the subjective effects associated with being hypnotized, heretofore there has been no means to operationalize that concept. In a prior paper (Pekala & Kumar, 2000) the authors operationalized the notion of trance by using a retrospective, self-report instrument, the Phenomenology of Consciousness Inventory (PCI), to quantify the subjective experience of being hypnotized. Trance was operationalized in terms of: hypnotic depth via a pHGS (predicted Harvard Group Scale) score (derived from regression analysis using subdimensions of the PCI) that gives a quantitative measure of subjective trance depth; and trance typology profiles (derived from cluster and discriminant analyses of the PCI dimensions and subdimensions) that give a qualitative measure of empirically derived clusters of subjective trance experiences. These measures, when used in conjunction with data on the individual PCI dimensions and subdimensions, provide the clinician with specific information on phenomenological events experienced by the client during hypnosis which can be used in better adapting hypnotic suggestions to the client's phenomenological world. Two clinical cases are presented in which use of the above approach has been helpful in facilitating treatment planning.