Reduced risk of tuberculosis among Brazilian patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy.

This observational study assessed the effect of combination antiretroviral therapy on the risk of tuberculosis among 255 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and advanced immunodeficiency who were living in an area of Brazil with a high incidence of tuberculosis. The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy in regions with a high prevalence of coinfection with HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis may contribute a lower incidence of tuberculosis.