Development of dendritic bundles of pyramidal neurons in the rat visual cortex.

The apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons in the cerebral cortex form vertical bundles whose distribution and density vary across species and areas. To understand their relationships with cortical columns, we labeled retrogradely neurons from the white matter underlying the visual cortex with 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) at P3 and P10 and with biotinylated dextran amine at P30. We also mapped the distribution of apical dendrites in tangential sections, immunostained for microtubule-associated proteins (MAP2). Their composition and distribution were studied with Neurolucida and NeuroExplorer software. The apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons formed different bundle types: at P3 we found bundles formed (a) by neurons located in cortical plate; (b) by layer V neurons; and (c) by upper layer V neurons and cortical plate neurons. At P10, the amount of supragranular neurons participating in the bundles increased. The inter-dendritic and inter-bundle distances increased with age. These findings confirm that dendritic bundles are present in the rat visual cortex early in development and are formed by neurons belonging to different cortical layers. The existence of different types of bundles relative to the layer of location of their parent neurons suggests that they are heterogeneous from each other in nature and in the pattern of connectivity.