Analysis of social interactions as goal-directed behaviors in children with autism.

An ecological psychology framework that considers the intentions of the child within the child's own social context was used to study the complexity of social interactions of 16 children with autism or Down syndrome. Children were observed in their homes and behaviors were recorded. Records were then analyzed by dividing behavior based on the children's own goals. Goal-directed behaviors were then categorized. Statistical analyses revealed similar social contexts and opportunities to receive bids from others for both groups. Differences in the frequencies and complexities of children's behaviors depended on behavioral intent. Socially intended behaviors were less frequent, less self-initiated, and less complex in children with autism. These findings are discussed as problems of attention and executive function, because social behaviors were more likely to occur secondarily, within the context of another ongoing behavior.