Tumor lysis syndrome in small cell lung cancer.

Tumor lysis syndrome, resulting from the abrupt release of intracellular ions into the blood stream due to sudden tumor cell death, is a serious complication of chemotherapy treatment. This syndrome occurs more frequently in hematologic malignancies and lymphomas. Its incidence in solid tumors is rare, but has a high mortality rate owing to the lack of prophylactic therapy to prevent this complication. We report a case of tumor lysis syndrome accompanied by death in a patient with extensive stage small cell lung cancer who was treated with cisplatin and etoposide, and review the risk factors associated with the syndrome in solid tumor patients who are likely to respond to chemotherapy.