OBJECTIVE: We describe a consecutive clinical sample of children and adolescents with bipolar disorder to define the pattern of comorbid anxiety and externalizing disorders (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD] and conduct disorder [CD]) and to explore the possible influence of such a comorbidity on their cross-sectional and longitudinal clinical characteristics. METHODS: The sample comprised 43 outpatients, 26 boys and 17 girls, (mean age 14.9 years, SD 3.1; range 7 to 18), with bipolar disorder type I or II, according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. All patients were screened for psychiatric disorders using historical information and a clinical interview, the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents-Revised (DICA-R). To shed light on the possible influence of age at onset, we compared clinical features of subjects whose bipolar onset was prepubertal or in childhood (< 12 years) with those having adolescent onset. We also compared different subgroups with and without comorbid externalizing and anxiety disorders. RESULTS: Bipolar disorder type I was slightly more represented than type II (55.8% vs 44.2%). Only 11.6% of patients did not have any other psychiatric disorder; importantly, 10 subjects (23.5%) did not show any comorbid anxiety disorder. Comorbid externalizing disorders were present in 12 (27.9%) patients; such comorbidity was related to the childhood onset of bipolar disorder type II. Compared with other subjects, patients with comorbid anxiety disorders more often reported pharmacologic (hypo)mania.
OBJECTIVE: We describe a consecutive clinical sample of children and adolescents with bipolar disorder to define the pattern of comorbid anxiety and externalizing disorders (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD] and conduct disorder [CD]) and to explore the possible influence of such a comorbidity on their cross-sectional and longitudinal clinical characteristics. METHODS: The sample comprised 43 outpatients, 26 boys and 17 girls, (mean age 14.9 years, SD 3.1; range 7 to 18), with bipolar disorder type I or II, according to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. All patients were screened for psychiatric disorders using historical information and a clinical interview, the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents-Revised (DICA-R). To shed light on the possible influence of age at onset, we compared clinical features of subjects whose bipolar onset was prepubertal or in childhood (< 12 years) with those having adolescent onset. We also compared different subgroups with and without comorbid externalizing and anxiety disorders. RESULTS:Bipolar disorder type I was slightly more represented than type II (55.8% vs 44.2%). Only 11.6% of patients did not have any other psychiatric disorder; importantly, 10 subjects (23.5%) did not show any comorbid anxiety disorder. Comorbid externalizing disorders were present in 12 (27.9%) patients; such comorbidity was related to the childhood onset of bipolar disorder type II. Compared with other subjects, patients with comorbid anxiety disorders more often reported pharmacologic (hypo)mania.
Authors: Rachael M Youngs; Melissa S Chu; Edward G Meloni; Alipi Naydenov; William A Carlezon; Christine Konradi Journal: J Neurosci Date: 2006-05-31 Impact factor: 6.167
Authors: Regina Sala; David A Axelson; Josefina Castro-Fornieles; Tina R Goldstein; Wonho Ha; Fangzi Liao; Mary Kay Gill; Satish Iyengar; Michael A Strober; Benjamin I Goldstein; Shirley Yen; Heather Hower; Jeffrey Hunt; Neal D Ryan; Daniel Dickstein; Martin B Keller; Boris Birmaher Journal: J Clin Psychiatry Date: 2010-09-07 Impact factor: 4.384
Authors: Alan C Swann; Barbara Geller; Robert M Post; Lori Altshuler; Kiki D Chang; Melissa P Delbello; Christopher Reist; Iver A Juster Journal: Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry Date: 2005
Authors: Rene L Olvera; Manoela Fonseca; Sheila C Caetano; John P Hatch; Kristina Hunter; Mark Nicoletti; Steven R Pliszka; C Robert Cloninger; Jair C Soares Journal: J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol Date: 2009-02 Impact factor: 2.576