Oxidative stress and vascular aging.

In attempt to meet tissue demands for proper blood flow, the vasculature alters its structure, simultaneously responding to both physical and chemical stresses. Substantial information has emerged in this field of study, particularly concerning the roles of the endothelium and smooth muscle cells in relation to signaling pathways for mechanotransduction. As a first line of defense upon exposure to various stressors, the endothelium and smooth muscle cells respond with adaptive cellular modifications. One prime example of these modifications is the cellular response to oxidative stress as evidenced by accumulated data. A recent proposal of the inflammatory hypothesis of vascular aging emphasized that stress-induced vascular aging may be the primary event that underlies the general aging phenomenon of systemic dysfunction.