Molecular abnormalities in lung carcinogenesis and their potential clinical implications.

Development of lung cancer is multistep and requires accumulation of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations. Modern molecular technology has facilitated a rapid and effective identification of these genetic alterations as well as epigenetic alterations. The determination of molecular alterations in the early tumorigenic process of the lung will not only extend our understanding of the underlying biology but also provide molecular markers for cancer risk assessment, early detection, and molecular classification. In this article, I will discuss the common molecular abnormalities in lung cancer and how these abnormalities may be used as biomarkers in clinical practice.