Instruments for sustainable solid waste management in Botswana.

Sustainable solid waste management is a strategy for achieving environmental quality in both the developed and the developing world. Environmental quality is a necessary condition for an increase in per capita welfare over time. The paper suggests alternative instruments for solid waste reduction, re-use and recycling. But to be able to apply the suggested economic instruments, the quantities and composition of the waste must be known. Having identified the current instruments of Botswana's solid waste management (regulatory measures, environmental education, and economic instruments of property rates, service levy, and sanitation fees), the paper argues that these do not go far enough in enhancing environmental protection. Alternative instruments such as solid waste collection and disposal levies, deposit refund schemes, and product levies are suggested. It is also suggested that public environmental education and regulatory measures should be strengthened.