Iron promotes cadmium binding to citrate.

Iron-cadmium interactions are important in cadmium toxicity. Dietary iron supplements may decrease cadmium retention after oral cadmium exposure but the underlying mechanism is not known. Using a CdS/AgS ion selective electrode to measure [Cd2+] in physiological saline solution at pH 7.4, we show that Fe2+ promotes Cd2+ binding to citrate thereby decreasing the availability of free Cd2+. This suggests the formation of high molecular weight Cd2+-Fe2+-citrate complexes. We confirm this suggestion by showing that 109Cd2+ is retained by 1 kDa cut off filters when present with total 50 microM Fe2+ plus 1 mM citrate but not when present with citrate alone. The formation of high molecular weight complexes may prevent Cd2+ absorption. As citrate is part of the diet, we suggest that these iron-cadmium interactions may contribute to the protective effect of iron against cadmium toxicity.