Toxic shock syndrome associated with the use of the vacuum-assisted closure device.

The vacuum-assisted wound closure technique and device (the V.A.C.) has become a widely accepted technique in the management of chronic and difficult wounds. The authors present the first reported case of toxic shock syndrome associated with its use. This article does not question the efficacy of the V.A.C. technique in the treatment of difficult wounds, but focuses on raising the index of suspicion of toxic shock syndrome in patients with wounds managed with the V.A.C. who develop early signs or symptoms that may be consistent with the diagnosis.