Human therapeutic antibodies.

The development of genetic engineering technologies has today advanced to the point where the generation of high-affinity human antibodies against therapeutic targets is not a major hurdle. Rather, it is the selection of target molecules in, for example, cancer therapy that poses a challenge. Targets that are not merely passive acceptors but those that signal into the cell are preferred. Recent advances in the clinical use of antibody-based therapy--such as anti-CD20 (rituximab) for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and anti-tumour-necrosis-factor-alpha for Crohn's disease--as well as novel antibody designs and improved understanding of the mode of action of current antibodies lend great hope to the future of this therapeutic approach.