Characterization of full-length HIV type 1 subtype C sequences from South Africa.

Four full-length genome subtype C sequences from South Africa, three of which are being used for vaccine development, were characterized. Three isolates were obtained from recently infected individuals in KwaZulu/Natal: Du151, Du422, and Du179. A fourth isolate, CTSc2, was obtained from an individual residing in Cape Town. All four strains used the CCR5 coreceptor, although Du179 also used CXCR4. The four isolates clustered within subtype C, but the three Du isolates formed a subcluster with a bootstrap value of 100%, with CTSc2 outside the subcluster. None of the strains showed evidence of intersubtype recombination, as expected from the predominance of subtype C in South Africa. All 4 isolates had a 16-amino acid truncation on the 3' end of the Rev protein, identified in other subtype C isolates. Like many other subtype C strains, Du151, Du422, and Du179 had three NF-kappa B-binding sites in the LTR; however, CTSc2 had only two.