Intrusive caregiving and quality of attachment in prenatally drug-exposed toddlers and their primary caregivers.

The relation between caregiver intrusiveness and the quality of attachment was tested among 51 prenatally drug-exposed toddlers and their primary caregivers. Biological mothers and kinship/foster caregivers neither differed as to caregiver intrusiveness nor as to their toddlers' attachment security and attachment organization. Insecure and disorganized/disoriented attachments were found to be more prevalent in this sample than in normal samples. In keeping with recent findings in non-drug-abusing samples (Isabella & Belsky, 1991; Lyons-Ruth, Repacholi, McLeod, & Silva, 1991), more caregivers of toddlers with avoidant or disorganized/disoriented attachments were found to be intrusive than caregivers of toddlers with secure or resistant attachments.