Nutritional aspects of liver disease and transplantation.

In the past year, some relevant papers related to the diagnosis of malnutrition and its pathogenesis in cirrhosis have been published. The value of anthropometrics in the nutritional assessment of end-stage cirrhotic patients has been reinforced. Also, the role of bioelectrical impedance analysis in these patients has been redefined. Several papers have investigated the relationship between leptin and malnutrition in chronic liver disease, particularly the role of alcoholism in hyperleptinaemia, and the importance of protein-bound leptin in these patients. In other papers, the impact of both undernutrition and obesity on the outcome of liver transplantation has been investigated. Two randomized, controlled trials on enteral nutrition in liver disease have been published in this period. One of them deals with a clinical situation (i.e. severe alcoholic hepatitis) associated with a high mortality rate, whereas the second is the first controlled trial in the field of preoperative nutrition in liver transplantation. Finally, some papers provide further arguments in the dilemma of which route of nutrition (enteral or parenteral) is better in cirrhosis.