Platelet lipid(s) bound to albumin increases endothelial electrical resistance: mimicked by LPA.

The objectives were to determine whether the permeability-decreasing activity of platelet-conditioned medium (PCM) is associated with a lipid bound to albumin and whether lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is present in the PCM. A decrease in permeability was assessed by an increase in electrical resistance across endothelial cell monolayers derived from bovine pulmonary arteries and microvessels. The Sephacryl S-200 fraction of PCM that contained albumin, the albumin immunoprecipitate from the PCM, and the methanol extract from the albumin immunoprecipitate all increased endothelial electrical resistance. Increased electrical resistance induced by PCM was not abolished by boiling and was mimicked by 1-oleoyl-LPA and 1-palmitoyl-LPA. Analysis of a methanol-chloroform extract of one sample of PCM by electrospray mass spectrometry revealed many fatty acids, ceramide, diacylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, and palmitoyl-LPA, but analysis of a second sample of PCM and the methanol extract of its albumin immunoprecipitate revealed no LPA, only lipids. These findings indicate that a bioactive lipid(s), possibly LPA, released from platelets and subsequently bound to albumin forms an active complex that decreases endothelial permeability.