OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term immune reconstitution of children treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS: The long-term immunological response to HAART was studied in 71 HIV-1-infected children (aged 1 month to 18 years) in two prospective, open, uncontrolled national multicentre studies. Blood samples were taken before and after HAART was initiated, with a follow-up of 96 weeks, and peripheral CD4 and CD8 T cells plus naive and memory subsets were identified in whole blood samples. Relative cell counts were calculated in relation to the median of the age-specific reference. RESULTS: The absolute CD4 cell count and percentage and the CD4 cell count as a percentage of normal increased significantly (P < 0.001) to medians of 939 x 106 cells/l (range, 10-3520), 32% (range, 1-50) and 84% (range, 1-161), respectively, after 48 weeks. This increase was predominantly owing to naive CD4 T cells. There was a correlation between the increase of absolute naive CD4 T cell counts and age. However, when CD4 T cell restoration was studied as percentage of normal values, the inverse correlation between the increase of naive CD4 T cell count and age was not observed. In addition, no difference in immunological reconstitution was observed at any time point between virological responders and non-responders. CONCLUSIONS: Normalization of the CD4 cell counts in children treated with HAART is independent of age, indicating that children of all age groups can meet their CD4 T cell production demands. In general, it appears that children restore their CD4 T cell counts better and more rapidly than adults, even in a late stage of HIV-1 infection.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term immune reconstitution of children treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). METHODS: The long-term immunological response to HAART was studied in 71 HIV-1-infectedchildren (aged 1 month to 18 years) in two prospective, open, uncontrolled national multicentre studies. Blood samples were taken before and after HAART was initiated, with a follow-up of 96 weeks, and peripheral CD4 and CD8 T cells plus naive and memory subsets were identified in whole blood samples. Relative cell counts were calculated in relation to the median of the age-specific reference. RESULTS: The absolute CD4 cell count and percentage and the CD4 cell count as a percentage of normal increased significantly (P < 0.001) to medians of 939 x 106 cells/l (range, 10-3520), 32% (range, 1-50) and 84% (range, 1-161), respectively, after 48 weeks. This increase was predominantly owing to naive CD4 T cells. There was a correlation between the increase of absolute naive CD4 T cell counts and age. However, when CD4 T cell restoration was studied as percentage of normal values, the inverse correlation between the increase of naive CD4 T cell count and age was not observed. In addition, no difference in immunological reconstitution was observed at any time point between virological responders and non-responders. CONCLUSIONS: Normalization of the CD4 cell counts in children treated with HAART is independent of age, indicating that children of all age groups can meet their CD4 T cell production demands. In general, it appears that children restore their CD4 T cell counts better and more rapidly than adults, even in a late stage of HIV-1 infection.
Authors: Paul Krogstad; Kunjal Patel; Brad Karalius; Rohan Hazra; Mark J Abzug; James Oleske; George R Seage; Paige L Williams; William Borkowsky; Andrew Wiznia; Jorge Pinto; Russell B Van Dyke Journal: AIDS Date: 2015-03-27 Impact factor: 4.177
Authors: Bret J Rudy; Bill G Kapogiannis; Michelle A Lally; Glenda E Gray; Linda-Gail Bekker; Paul Krogstad; Ian McGowan Journal: J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Date: 2010-07 Impact factor: 3.731
Authors: Natascha Ching; Jaime G Deville; Karin A Nielsen; Bonnie Ank; Lian S Wei; Myung Shin Sim; Steven M Wolinsky; Yvonne J Bryson Journal: Eur J Pediatr Date: 2006-07-26 Impact factor: 3.183