[Studies of the meiosis of 2n gamete apomictic wheat grass (Elymus rectisetus)].

The formation of polyploid was mainly through the combination of 2n gamete, and the apomixis played an important role in plant evolution and plant breeding. In general, the formation of male gamete and female gamete in apomictic plants are obviously different, i.e., the formation of embryo sac was through apomixis (form into 2n female gamete); however, the formation of male gamete was through normal meiosis (form into 1n male gamete). The 2n male gamete apomictic wheat grass was more important than 1n male gamete apomictic wheat grass, because the 2n male gamete can bring all genes including apomictic gene into other plant. The meiosis of 2n male gamete apomictic wheat grass (Elymus. rectisetus) was observed through Olympus AH3 microscope; the results showed that the meiosis of 2n gamete apomictic wheat grass was very abnomal. In the interphase, lots of mini-nucleus were found. Inverted cycle, multibivalent and lagging chromosome were also found in the prophase. In metaphase, chromosomes frequently show unequal division tendency; In anaphase I and telophase I, completely unequal division, modified meiosis, the tendency of nucleus fusion and other abnormal phenomena were found. These phenomena directly lead to the production of 2n gamete. In meiosis II, the abnormalities mainly lie in the proceeding of microspore, dyad (55.7%), triad (23.7%) and tetrad (21.6%) were found. The abnormal of those proceeding also lead to the production of 2n gamete.