Systematics of the induced magnetic moments in 5d layers and the violation of the third Hund's rule.

X-ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements are reported at the beginning (W) and at the end (Ir, Pt) of the 5d series of the periodic table. Considerable induced magnetic moments of about 0.2 mu(B)/atom were probed for the nonmagnetic W and Ir and compared to previous data for the Pt induced moments in multilayers. W was found to couple antiferromagnetically and Ir ferromagnetically to the 3d layers. Finally, the W spin and orbital magnetic moment couple in parallel, contrary to what is expected from the third Hund's rule. This remarkable finding shows that the induced magnetic behavior of 5d layers may be radically different than that of impurities and alloys.