OBJECTIVE: To describe the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes in two cities with high HIV prevalence (Kisumu, Kenya and Ndola, Zambia) and two with relatively low prevalence (Cotonou, Benin and Yaoundé, Cameroon), and to examine whether the differences in prevalence of HIV infection could be due to the predominance within the infected populations of subtypes with differing efficiency of heterosexual transmission. METHODS: For around 100 randomly selected HIV-positive sera from the general population and 60 from sex workers in each city, the HIV-1 subtype was determined in the envfragment. For between 19 and 52 of the sera from the general population and 20-32 sera from sex workers, the subtype was also determined in the gag fragment. RESULTS: Over 70% of infections in Cotonou, Yaoundé and Kisumu were with subtype A (by env). However, around one-half of subtype A infections in Cotonou and Yaoundé were found to be the circulating recombinant form CRF02_AG when the gag fragment was also examined. A large number of different HIV strains were found in Yaoundé, including some belonging to group O. Over 20% of infections in Kisumu and around 10% in Yaoundé were with isolated intersubtype recombinant forms. All but a few infections in Ndola were with subtype C and no recombinants were found. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of distribution of subtypes that we found does not suggest that differences in circulating subtypes play a major role in explaining the differences in prevalence of HIV-1 infection between the four cities. The emergence and spread of recombinants requires close surveillance to adapt testing strategies if needed, to inform vaccine development and to ascertain their role in the future spread of HIV.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes in two cities with high HIV prevalence (Kisumu, Kenya and Ndola, Zambia) and two with relatively low prevalence (Cotonou, Benin and Yaoundé, Cameroon), and to examine whether the differences in prevalence of HIV infection could be due to the predominance within the infected populations of subtypes with differing efficiency of heterosexual transmission. METHODS: For around 100 randomly selected HIV-positive sera from the general population and 60 from sex workers in each city, the HIV-1 subtype was determined in the envfragment. For between 19 and 52 of the sera from the general population and 20-32 sera from sex workers, the subtype was also determined in the gag fragment. RESULTS: Over 70% of infections in Cotonou, Yaoundé and Kisumu were with subtype A (by env). However, around one-half of subtype A infections in Cotonou and Yaoundé were found to be the circulating recombinant form CRF02_AG when the gag fragment was also examined. A large number of different HIV strains were found in Yaoundé, including some belonging to group O. Over 20% of infections in Kisumu and around 10% in Yaoundé were with isolated intersubtype recombinant forms. All but a few infections in Ndola were with subtype C and no recombinants were found. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of distribution of subtypes that we found does not suggest that differences in circulating subtypes play a major role in explaining the differences in prevalence of HIV-1 infection between the four cities. The emergence and spread of recombinants requires close surveillance to adapt testing strategies if needed, to inform vaccine development and to ascertain their role in the future spread of HIV.
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Authors: Julius N Ngu; Douglas C Heimburger; Donna K Arnett; Christopher K Nyirenda; Dara Potter; Isaac Zulu; Claire N Bosire; Shashwatee Bagchi; Jiatao Ye; Benjamin H Chi; Edmond K Kabagambe Journal: N Am J Med Sci (Boston) Date: 2010
Authors: Grace P McCormack; Judith R Glynn; Amelia C Crampin; Felix Sibande; Dominic Mulawa; Lyn Bliss; Philip Broadbent; Katia Abarca; Jorg M Pönnighaus; Paul E M Fine; Jonathan P Clewley Journal: J Virol Date: 2002-12 Impact factor: 5.103
Authors: Judith Dalmau; Maria Carmen Puertas; Marta Azuara; Ana Mariño; Nicole Frahm; Beatriz Mothe; Nuria Izquierdo-Useros; Maria José Buzón; Roger Paredes; Lourdes Matas; Todd M Allen; Christian Brander; Carlos Rodrigo; Bonaventura Clotet; Javier Martinez-Picado Journal: Clin Infect Dis Date: 2009-01-15 Impact factor: 9.079
Authors: Mireia Arnedo; Elena Alonso; Nell Eisenberg; Laura Ibáñez; Cecilia Ferreyra; Angels Jaén; Laurence Flevaud; Samuel Khamadi; Paul Roddy; Jose Maria Gatell; David Dalmau Journal: PLoS One Date: 2012-12-06 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Brandon L Walter; Andrew E Armitage; Stephen C Graham; Tulio de Oliveira; Peter Skinhøj; E Yvonne Jones; David I Stuart; Andrew J McMichael; Bruce Chesebro; Astrid Kn Iversen Journal: AIDS Date: 2009-06-01 Impact factor: 4.177