Impact of ionic aluminium on extracellular phosphatases in acidified lakes.

We studied direct inhibiting effects of aluminium (Al) on extracellular phosphatases produced by the plankton of acidified lakes in the Bohemian Forest. In laboratory experiments we tested the effect of different Al concentrations (0-1000 microg l(-1)) on kinetic parameters of acid phosphatases (pH optimum approximately 5.0) at pH between 4.5 and 5.2. We observed a significant reduction of an apparent substrate affinity at Al concentrations between 300 and 1000 microg l(-1) at pH 4.5 and 4.8 (but not at 5.2). In contrast, maximum acid phosphatase activity (AcPA) remained unchanged. Such behaviour of saturation kinetics is compatible with the assumption that ionic Al acts as a competitive inhibitor of acid phosphatases. To decide whether the observed Al effects could be explained alternatively by complexation of Al with substrate, we tested statistically the best fits of data with both possible models (competitive versus complexation). Experimental results supported the competitive hypothesis rather than the complexation model suggested originally by some authors. Furthermore, we tested the Al effect within a wide range of pH from 4.0 to 6.0. For pH values < 5.2, the results of an Al-pH matrix experiment gave a more detailed picture: the higher the Al concentration, the wider the pH range in which Al could negatively affect AcPA. The ecological ramifications of this effect were evaluated in the context of field AcPA data on three strongly acidified lakes.