BACKGROUND: Few studies have prospectively and systematically explored the factors that acutely precipitate exacerbation of congestive heart failure (CHF) in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Knowledge of such factors is important in designing measures to prevent deterioration of clinical status. The objective of this study was to prospectively describe the precipitants associated with exacerbation of CHF status in patients enrolled in the Randomized Evaluation of Strategies for Left Ventricular Dysfunction Pilot Study. METHODS: We conducted a 2-stage, multicenter, randomized trial in 768 patients with CHF who had an ejection fraction of less than 40%. Patients were randomly assigned to receive enalapril maleate, candesartan cilexetil, or both for 17 weeks, followed by randomization to receive metoprolol succinate or placebo for 26 weeks. Investigators systematically documented information on clinical presentation, management, and factors associated with the exacerbation for any episode of acute CHF during follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 323 episodes of worsening of CHF occurred in 180 patients during 43 weeks of follow-up; 143 patients required hospitalization, and 5 died. Factors implicated in worsening of CHF status included noncompliance with salt restriction (22%); other noncardiac causes (20%), notably pulmonary infectious processes; study medications (15%); use of antiarrhythmic agents in the past 48 hours (15%); arrhythmias (13%); calcium channel blockers (13%); and inappropriate reductions in CHF therapy (10%). CONCLUSIONS: A variety of factors, many of which are avoidable, are associated with exacerbation of CHF. Attention to these factors and patient education are important in the prevention of CHF deterioration.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Few studies have prospectively and systematically explored the factors that acutely precipitate exacerbation of congestive heart failure (CHF) in patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Knowledge of such factors is important in designing measures to prevent deterioration of clinical status. The objective of this study was to prospectively describe the precipitants associated with exacerbation of CHF status in patients enrolled in the Randomized Evaluation of Strategies for Left Ventricular Dysfunction Pilot Study. METHODS: We conducted a 2-stage, multicenter, randomized trial in 768 patients with CHF who had an ejection fraction of less than 40%. Patients were randomly assigned to receive enalapril maleate, candesartancilexetil, or both for 17 weeks, followed by randomization to receive metoprolol succinate or placebo for 26 weeks. Investigators systematically documented information on clinical presentation, management, and factors associated with the exacerbation for any episode of acute CHF during follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 323 episodes of worsening of CHF occurred in 180 patients during 43 weeks of follow-up; 143 patients required hospitalization, and 5 died. Factors implicated in worsening of CHF status included noncompliance with salt restriction (22%); other noncardiac causes (20%), notably pulmonary infectious processes; study medications (15%); use of antiarrhythmic agents in the past 48 hours (15%); arrhythmias (13%); calcium channel blockers (13%); and inappropriate reductions in CHF therapy (10%). CONCLUSIONS: A variety of factors, many of which are avoidable, are associated with exacerbation of CHF. Attention to these factors and patient education are important in the prevention of CHF deterioration.
Authors: Santanu Guha; S Harikrishnan; Saumitra Ray; Rishi Sethi; S Ramakrishnan; Suvro Banerjee; V K Bahl; K C Goswami; Amal Kumar Banerjee; S Shanmugasundaram; P G Kerkar; Sandeep Seth; Rakesh Yadav; Aditya Kapoor; Ajaykumar U Mahajan; P P Mohanan; Sundeep Mishra; P K Deb; C Narasimhan; A K Pancholia; Ajay Sinha; Akshyaya Pradhan; R Alagesan; Ambuj Roy; Amit Vora; Anita Saxena; Arup Dasbiswas; B C Srinivas; B P Chattopadhyay; B P Singh; J Balachandar; K R Balakrishnan; Brian Pinto; C N Manjunath; Charan P Lanjewar; Dharmendra Jain; Dipak Sarma; G Justin Paul; Geevar A Zachariah; H K Chopra; I B Vijayalakshmi; J A Tharakan; J J Dalal; J P S Sawhney; Jayanta Saha; Johann Christopher; K K Talwar; K Sarat Chandra; K Venugopal; Kajal Ganguly; M S Hiremath; Milind Hot; Mrinal Kanti Das; Neil Bardolui; Niteen V Deshpande; O P Yadava; Prashant Bhardwaj; Pravesh Vishwakarma; Rajeeve Kumar Rajput; Rakesh Gupta; S Somasundaram; S N Routray; S S Iyengar; G Sanjay; Satyendra Tewari; Sengottuvelu G; Soumitra Kumar; Soura Mookerjee; Tiny Nair; Trinath Mishra; U C Samal; U Kaul; V K Chopra; V S Narain; Vimal Raj; Yash Lokhandwala Journal: Indian Heart J Date: 2018-06-08
Authors: Mark S Goldberg; Amanda J Wheeler; Richard T Burnett; Nancy E Mayo; Marie-France Valois; James M Brophy; Nadia Giannetti Journal: J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol Date: 2014-06-18 Impact factor: 5.563
Authors: Ali Ahmed; Richard M Allman; Gregg C Fonarow; Thomas E Love; Faiez Zannad; Louis J Dell'italia; Michel White; Mihai Gheorghiade Journal: J Card Fail Date: 2008-04 Impact factor: 5.712