Primary care in children with congenital heart disease.

Congenital heart defects, abnormalities in the structural development of the heart, occur in approximately 1% of live births. With improved detection, diagnosis, medical management, and surgical techniques, the number of children surviving with congenital heart disease is increasing. These children require the same comprehensive primary care as all other children; however, there are certain aspects of primary care that will be affected by the presence of a congenital heart defect. This article attempts to clarify the special considerations regarding growth and nutrition, development, physical activity, immunizations, dental care, use of over-the-counter medications, and perioperative concerns for these children. The unique needs of the cardiac transplant patient are beyond the scope of this article. Copyright 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company