Culture and schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.

The comparative study of schizophrenia and related disorders across cultures has come a long way since Kraepelin advocated its cause, following his trip to Java at the beginning of the last century. The principal development since then has been the burgeoning of interest in the field, culminating in innovative and ambitious international collaborative research by the WHO. Despite reservations about covert ideology or about the more overt methodologic difficulties, the balance of evidence from these and similar studies suggests that: It is feasible to conduct such research despite the numerous hazards. There is a certain uniformity to the way schizophrenia presents globally; there are equally significant cultural differences. The outcome of schizophrenia appears to be better in developing, than developed cultures; reasons for this are far from clear, nevertheless, it can be safely assumed that culturally-determined processes, whether social or environmental, are partly responsible. Overall, the study of schizophrenia in different cultures has proved useful in establishing the pancultural and the culture-specific properties of this and related disorders.