BDNF and NT3 extend the critical period for developmental climbing fibre plasticity.

The effect on neonatal brain plasticity of two neurotrophins, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), was studied using the rat olivocerebellar projection as a model. Unilateral transection of climbing fibres (CFs) in the rat before postnatal day 7 induces reinnervation of the deafferented hemicerebellum, but this does not occur if the transection is performed after postnatal day 10. Eleven-day-old day rats underwent unilateral CF transection followed by neurotrophin injection into the denervated cerebellar cortex 24 h later. The exogenous neurotrophins induced CF reinnervation of the denervated hemicerebellum. However BDNF was more efficacious than NT-3. Thus two neurotrophins can extend the window of neonatal brain plasticity, therefore suggesting potential therapeutic use after brain trauma.