Striatal ionotropic glutamate receptor expression in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder.

Abnormalities of the ionotropic glutamate receptors (N-methyl-D-aspartate, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazole-4-propionic acid [AMPA], and kainate) have been reported in the brain in schizophrenia, although in complex, region-specific patterns. While limbic cortex and medial temporal lobe structures have been most often studied in psychiatric illnesses, glutamate receptors are expressed in other brain regions associated with limbic circuitry, especially the striatum. In this study, we have determined striatal ionotropic glutamate receptor expression in brains from persons with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, and a comparison group, using samples from the Stanley Foundation Neuropathology Consortium. We have determined the expression of these receptors at multiple levels of gene expression by using both in situ hybridization and receptor autoradiography. The expression of nearly all of these molecules was not different in these psychiatric conditions. The only significant changes noted were NR2D and gluR1 transcripts, and [(3)H]AMPA binding. This is the first comprehensive study of striatal ionotropic glutamate receptor expression in schizophrenia and affective disorders, and suggests that there are minimal changes in these receptors in this region of the brain in these illnesses.