Applying molecular biological techniques to detecting biological agents.

Recent efforts in the civilian and military health care and public health communities are directed at strengthening surveillance systems and our national laboratory capabilities for early detection of infectious disease outbreaks. These new systems will address proper specimen collection, transport, nucleic acid processing, molecular assay diagnostic reagent and equipment development, and standardization for sensitive and rapid detection of bioagents in blood and other clinical samples. A greater understanding of the genetic diversity and virulence factors for each organism that could be used for bioterrorism would aid design of rapid molecular detection strategies. Combinations of appropriate diagnostic technologies (culture, immunoassay, and molecular assay) can provide rapid diagnostic response capabilities to microbial threats with antimicrobial resistant organisms, new emerging infectious disease agents, and possible agents of bioterrorism.