Models of specialist employment for people with mental health problems.

There is a growing interest in work schemes for people with mental health problems. They appear to offer great promise, both in the delivery of community care and in social re-integration. However, the models operating in Britain are diverse and little is known about their operation, much less their effectiveness. In this paper the characteristics of nine models of specialist employment are described, and their similarities and differences are portrayed on three dimensions: productivity, integration, and permanence. Within this proto-typology it is hoped that clearer distinctions may be made between work schemes and what they have to offer. Recognition of fundamental differences between work opportunities should aid matching needs to services, facilitate more effective use of rehabilitation resources, and guide the commissioning of mental health services.