Ethical issues in the management of sickle cell pain.

Care providers who manage patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) often face several questions. Most prominent among these pertain to the importance of pain and its treatment. The duties of the health care providers concerning pain management are often not well defined and vary considerably among providers and institutions. Despite the availability of national guidelines that address the ethical issues of pain management, patients with SCD often receive suboptimal pain control, especially during acute painful episodes. Although there are many reasons for this situation, an important aspect of the problem pertains to the complexity of applying ethical standards to specific patients with sickle cell pain. Decisions are frequently made according to perceptions and circumstances without taking ethical principles into consideration. The purpose of this paper is to present the range of ethical principles pertinent to sickle pain management and discuss specific examples of physician-patient interactions where ethical dilemmas occur. Copyright 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.