Eucalyptus camaldulensis: volatiles from immature flowers and high production of 1,8-cineole and beta-pinene by in vitro cultures.

Calli of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn were induced, for the first time, from immature flowers and stamens and established in the presence of 2,4-D and BA, under dark and light conditions. Immature flowers, of the same type used for callus induction, were submitted to hydrodistillation while the induced calli were extracted with n-pentane. The constituents of the n-pentane extracts and of the hydrodistillate were identified by GC-MS. The main constituents of the hydrodistillate from immature flowers were 1,8-cineole (34.7%), beta-pinene (7.7%), and spathulenol (9.5%). The n-pentane extract from calli developed from stamens consisted only of alkanes, alkenes and alcohols, while that of calli developed from immature flowers consisted mainly of monoterpenes (92.08-96.56%). The main monoterpenes produced in these calli, cultured in darkness and under light conditions, were 1,8-cineole, 62.70 and 69.26% as well as beta-pinene, 27.09 and the 25.31%, respectively.