Using proteins in their natural environment: potential and limitations of microbial whole-cell hydroxylations in applied biocatalysis.

The unique catalytic properties of oxygenases (the regio-specific and/or enantio-specific hydroxylation of non-activated carbons) are of undisputed biosynthetic value. Factors that govern the economics of their industrial use include a low k(cat), a frequently decreased k(cat) in recombinant strains, limiting oxygen transfer rates in bioreactors, product inhibition, and the demanding discovery (screening) process.