Root perforation repair: surgical and nonsurgical management.

Root perforation repair has historically been an unpredictable treatment modality with an unacceptably high rate of clinical failure. Recent developments in the techniques and materials utilized in root perforation repair have dramatically enhanced the prognosis of both surgical and nonsurgical procedures. This article presents a review of the literature pertaining to root perforation repair and illustrates, through clinical case presentations, the principles of extraradicular surgical repair and non-surgical internal repair of root perforation using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA).