The application of the bioelectric recognition assay for the detection of human and plant viruses: definition of operational parameters.

The bioelectric recognition assay (BERA) is a novel biosensory method based on a unique combination of a group of cells, their immobilization in a matrix that preserves their physiological functions and the expression of the cell interaction with viruses as a change in electrical properties. A BERA sensor consists of an electroconductive, tube-like probe containing components of immobilized cells in a gel matrix. Cells are selected to specifically interact with the virus under detection. In this way, when a positive sample is added to the probe, a characteristic, 'signature-like' change in electrical potential occurs upon contact between the virus and the gel matrix. In the present study, we demonstrate that BERA can be used for the detection of viruses in humans (hepatitis C virus) and plants (tobacco and cucumber viruses) in a remarkably specific, rapid (1-2 min), reproducible and cost-efficient fashion. The sensitivity of the virus detection with BERA (0.1 ng) is equal or even better than with advanced immunological, cytological and molecular techniques, such as the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, a good storability of the sensors can be achieved without affecting their performance. The potential use of portable BERA biosensors in medicine, for mass screening purposes, as well as for the detection of biological warfare agents without prior knowledge of a specific receptor-molecule interaction is discussed.