Insight into human baroreceptor function using multiple indices of neural activity.

Baroreflex control of sympathetic nervous system activation and circulatory homeostasis during orthostatic stress maneuvers has become the subject of increasing interest. In this paper, the use and limitation of multiple measurement modalities in the assessment of sympathetic nervous system activation during cardiopulmonary and combined arterial and cardiopulmonary baroreceptor disengagement in humans will be discussed. In addition, the implications of abnormal baroreceptor function in heart failure will be discussed.