Problems and prevention of viral hepatitis in Thailand.

To this day, viral hepatitis remains a major public health problem in Thailand. Chronic infection with hepatitis B and C viruses are the leading causes of chronic liver diseases, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Outbreaks of hepatitis A virus continue to occur in Thailand, even after several years of consistently declining prevalence rates. Also, the reduction in prevalence of hepatitis D virus infection has been observed among intravenous drug users over the past decade. Hepatitis E virus constitutes a rather unusual cause of sporadic acute hepatitis in Thailand. Highly effective vaccines are currently available for prevention of hepatitis A and B, however, as yet no effective vaccine for hepatitis C is imminent. Following rapid progress in the development of molecular techniques, several new hepatitis viruses have been identified. Among these, Hepatitis G, TT and SEN viruses have recently been described but their significance as to causation of human liver disease has yet to be established. This article reviews the current epidemiology, molecular biology, and strategies aimed at prevention and control of hepatitis virus infection in Thailand emphasizing new developments and recent data obtained from our research studies.