OBJECTIVE: To review research on pre-, peri-, and postnatal stress and their potential relation to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHOD: We selected and critically reviewed 51 research reports from the medical and psychology literature, between January 1, 1976 and May 1, 2001, based on the subjects of pre-, peri-, or postnatal stress and ADHD. RESULTS: Children with ADHD show higher percentages of pre-, peri-, or postnatal insult, compared with unaffected children; however, the relative influence of various factors is still controversial. CONCLUSIONS: The etiology of ADHD encompasses genetic and environmental factors. Pre-, peri-, and postnatal stressors are environmental factors that may play a role in its etiology. Future research should carefully examine interactions between genetic predisposition and environmental factors as etiologies of ADHD.
OBJECTIVE: To review research on pre-, peri-, and postnatal stress and their potential relation to attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHOD: We selected and critically reviewed 51 research reports from the medical and psychology literature, between January 1, 1976 and May 1, 2001, based on the subjects of pre-, peri-, or postnatal stress and ADHD. RESULTS:Children with ADHD show higher percentages of pre-, peri-, or postnatal insult, compared with unaffected children; however, the relative influence of various factors is still controversial. CONCLUSIONS: The etiology of ADHD encompasses genetic and environmental factors. Pre-, peri-, and postnatal stressors are environmental factors that may play a role in its etiology. Future research should carefully examine interactions between genetic predisposition and environmental factors as etiologies of ADHD.
Authors: Randall P Flick; Kunmoo Lee; Ryan E Hofer; Charles W Beinborn; Ellen M Hambel; Melissa K Klein; Paul W Gunn; Robert T Wilder; Slavica K Katusic; Darrell R Schroeder; David O Warner; Juraj Sprung Journal: Anesth Analg Date: 2010-08-24 Impact factor: 5.108
Authors: Juraj Sprung; Randall P Flick; Robert T Wilder; Slavica K Katusic; Tasha L Pike; Mariella Dingli; Stephen J Gleich; Darrell R Schroeder; William J Barbaresi; Andrew C Hanson; David O Warner Journal: Anesthesiology Date: 2009-08 Impact factor: 7.892
Authors: David A Pineda; Luis Guillermo Palacio; Isabel C Puerta; Vilma Merchán; Clara P Arango; Astrid Yuleth Galvis; Mónica Gómez; Daniel Camilo Aguirre; Francisco Lopera; Mauricio Arcos-Burgos Journal: Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2007-08 Impact factor: 4.785
Authors: Jaclyn M Spivey; Jason Shumake; Rene A Colorado; Nelida Conejo-Jimenez; Hector Gonzalez-Pardo; F Gonzalez-Lima Journal: Dev Psychobiol Date: 2009-04 Impact factor: 3.038